References

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Brass W and Ansley J Coale (1968). Methods of analysis and estimation, in Brass, Wiliam, Ansley J. Coale, Paul Demeny, Don F. Heisel, Frank Lorimer, Anatole Romaniuk and Etienne van de Walle (eds). The Demography of Tropical Africa. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 88-139.

Ewbank D,  Gomez de Leon J,  Stoto M (1983). A Reducible Four-Parameter System of Model Life Tables. Population Studies 37: 105-127. 

Namboodiri K (1991). Demographic Analysis. Chapter 3. Academic Press